Variable

n

 ± sd (Min-Max)

Age

532

59.24 ± 9.06 (43-87)

Diabetes Onset Age

532

48.65 ± 9.21 (32-81)

HbA1c

532

8.41 ± 1.93 (5.10-17.50)

Duration of Diabetes (Years)

532

10.58 ± 6.94 (1-40)

Insulin Switching Time (Years)

532

7.17 ± 5.96 (1-35)

Cigarette-Packet (Years)

292

35.69 ± 24.56 (3-105)

Smoking Cessation Period (Years)

177

9.98 ± 8.94 (1-40)

Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

532

30.14 ± 5.19 (17.40-47.70)

Diabetes onset age in the smokers’ group

114

48.25 ± 7.81 (32-66)

n

%

Treatment protocol

OAD + Insulin

209

39.30

Pre-mixed Insulin

172

32.30

Intensive Insulin

151

28.40

Smoking status 1

Smoker

114

21.40

Ex-smoker

178

33.50

Non-smoker

240

45.10

Smoking status 2

Smoker + Ex-smoker

292

54.90

Non-smoker

240

45.10

Duration of time after quitting smoking (years)

0-5

76

42.94

5-10

42

23.73

10 to 15

15

8.47

15 to 20

19

10.73

> 20

25

14.12

Education status

No Information in File

55

10.30

Unschooled

124

23.30

Literate

76

14.30

Primary school

212

39.80

Middle School

25

4.70

High school

23

4.30

University

17

3.20

Marital Status

Married

458

86.10

Single

6

1.10

Widow

68

12.80