Author/Year

Sample Size

Population Characteristics

Aims/Findings

Rasineni, et al. [4]

n = 48 (Wistar rats)

DM type = Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Sex = Male

Age = 6-7 weeks

The study treated both STZ-induced Type 1 and fructose diet-induced Type 2 rats with C. roseus for 60 days. At the end of the 60 days, the rats were found to have ameliorated the defects in the activities of key enzymes of glycolytic, gluconeogenesis and polyol pathway, and intestinal disaccharides.

Alkreathy, et al. [6]

n = 6 (groups of Wistar rats)

DM type = Type 2 Diabetes

Sex = Male

Age = 5-6 months

The six groups were given a dose of streptozotocin to induce diabetes, and were then treated with C. roseus ethanolic extract and Ursolic Acid for 28 days. The results showed that low dose combinations of C. roseus ethanolic extract and Ursolic Acid were optimal for treatment of diabetes and showed the greatest control of blood glucose levels.

Espejel-Nava, et al. [7]

n = 8 (groups of Mus musculus)

DM type = Type 2 Diabetes

Sex = Male

Age = NA

The six groups were given a dose of streptozotocin to induce diabetes, and were then treated with a phenolic fraction of C. roseus. The particular phenolic fraction of C. roseus, which contained gallic acid and chlorogenic acid had the greatest hypoglycemic effect that may account for an increase in insulin secretion.

Chaudhary, et al. [8]

n = 30 (Wistar rats)

DM type = Type 2 Diabetes

Sex = Male

Age = 6 weeks

The 30 rats were divided into six groups and were given a dose of streptozotocin to induce diabetes, and were then treated with C. roseus plant ethanol extract. The results showed that the C. roseus extract exhibited antihyperglycemic activity and reversed most blood and tissue changes caused by STZ-induced diabetes in the rats.

Tiong, et al. [9]

n = 1.5 × 10⁴ (Mouse β-TC6 pancreatic cells)

DM type = Type 1 Diabetes

Sex = NA

Age = NA

Vindoline, vindolicine, vindolidine, and vindolinine, which are alkaloids present in Catharanthus roseus, were isolated and administered to the cells. The results showed hypoglycemic activity of the alkaloids in the β-TC6 mouse pancreatic cells.

Nammi, et al. [10]

n = 10 (groups of adult albino rabbits)

DM type = Type 1 Diabetes

Sex = male and female

Age = NA

The rabbits were divided into ten groups of five and were administered a dose of alloxan to induce diabetes. They were then given leaf juice of C. roseus, which resulted in significant antidiabetic and hypoglycemic activity in the rabbits, which could be accounted for the release of insulin from the surviving β-cells.

Vega-Avila, et al. [11]

n = 36 (Mus musculus CD-1 strain)

DM type = Type 2 Diabetes

Sex = male

Age = NA

The mice were divided into six groups of six and were administered a dose of alloxan to induce diabetes. They were then administered aqueous stem, leaf, root, and flower extracts of C. roseus; they all resulted in hypoglycemia activity, with the aqueous leaf extract resulting in the most significant blood glucose decreasing activity.

Ahmed, et al. [12]

n = NA (Wistar rats)

DM type = Type 1 Diabetes

Sex = NA

Age = NA

The rats were administered a dose of streptozotocin to induce diabetes, and were then given an aqueous leaf extract of C. roseus. After being monitored for a period of 24 hours following the administration of extract, the rats exhibited a significant decrease in serum glucose levels.

Yao, et al. [13]

n = NA (Wistar rats)

DM type = Type 1 Diabetes

Sex = NA

Age = NA

The rats were administered a dose of streptozotocin and a high-fat diet to induce diabetes, and were then given vindoline, which is an alkaloid present in C. roseus. The rats were monitored, and the results showed that the vindoline increased the secretion of glucose-stimulated insulin in the rats.