Table 2: Comparison of physical, clinical characteristics, physical functioning and psychosocial factors between male and female participants (N = 140).
|
All |
Male (n = 64) |
Female (n = 76) |
|
||
|
Variable |
Mean ± S.D |
Mean ± S.D |
Mean ± S.D |
t-cal. |
P-value |
|
Physical characteristics |
|||||
|
Age (years) |
61.53 ± 12.23 |
63.53 ± 10.85 |
59.84 ± 13.12 |
1.792 |
0.075 |
|
Height (m) |
1.63 ± 0.08 |
1.67 ± 0.08 |
1.59 ± 0.06 |
6.161 |
0.001* |
|
Weight (kg) |
72.09 ± 12.12 |
74.51 ± 11.39 |
70.06 ± 12.41 |
2.191 |
0.030* |
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
27.19 ± 4.48 |
26.74 ± 3.85 |
27.58 ± 4.97 |
-1.107 |
0.270 |
|
Clinical characteristics |
|||||
|
SBP (mmHg) |
131.16 ± 16.71 |
132.83 ± 19.47 |
129.76 ± 16.04 |
1.081 |
0.281 |
|
DBP (mmHg) |
77.56 ± 9.91 |
78.47 ± 9.73 |
76.79 ± 9.91 |
0.998 |
0.320 |
|
FBS (mmol-1) |
6.91 ± 2.43 |
6.79 ± 2.29 |
7.02 ± 2.55 |
-0.538 |
0.591 |
|
Physical functioning |
|||||
|
ADL |
18.00 ± 22.32 |
17.50 ± 26.13 |
18.42 ± 18.69 |
0.532 |
0.809 |
|
HGS (Kgf) |
23.11 ± 6.61 |
26.01 ± 7.03 |
20.66 ± 5.11 |
2.316 |
0.001** |
|
MWD (m) |
333.29 ± 29. |
363.91 ± 129.93 |
307.50 ± 53.47 |
-1.749 |
0.001** |
|
VO2 max (mL/kg/min) |
9.05 ± 1.65 |
9.57 ± 2.13 |
8.63 ± 0.89 |
2.175 |
0.001** |
|
Psychosocial factor |
|||||
|
DpS |
6.24 ± 4.34 |
5.93 ± 4.23 |
6.49 ± 4.44 |
1.446 |
0.457 |
|
ESE |
45.56 ± 20.76 |
50.40 ± 24.01 |
44.52 ± 22.98 |
-1.106 |
0.079 |
|
PEB |
90.39 ± 10.62 |
91.59 ± 10.04 |
89.37 ± 11.05 |
2.520 |
0.218 |
*P < 0.05; ** P < 0.001;
Key: SD: Standard deviation; BMI: Body Max Index; HR: Heart rate; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; ADL: Activity of daily living; HGS: Hand grip strength; 6MWD: Six minute walk distance; VO2 max: Maximal oxygen consumption; DpS: Depressed symptoms; ESE: Exercise self-efficacy; PEB: Perceived exercise benefit.