Table 2: Primary and secondary outcomes: adjusted regression coefficient or odds ratio for electronic insulin protocol group to historical control group to historical control group.

Outcome

Control group

(N = 87)

Study group

 (N = 136)

Adjusteda regression coefficient or odds ratio (95% Cl)

p

Mean blood glucose during the first 120 hours

 

 

 

 

Mean blood glucose (mmol/L)

8.7

8.65

-0.08 (-0.61, 0.46)b

0.776

Glycemic range during the first 120 hours

 

 

 

 

Hyperglycemic range ( > 10.0 mmol/L)

311 (-28.4%)

572 (-25.8%)

-2.85 (-9.79, 4.09)b

0.419

Hypoglycemic range ( < 4.0 mmol/L

16 (1.5%)

28 (1.26%)

-0.75 (-1.74, 0.24)b

0.138

Glucose variability during the first 120 hours

 

 

 

 

Variability during the first 120 hours

8.75

6.38

-2.63 (-4.93, -0.33)b

0.025

Hypoglycemia during the first 120 hours

 

 

 

 

Hypoglycemia ( < 2.9 mmol/L) during the first 120 hours

16 (1.5%)

28 (1.26)

0.42 (0.14, 1.25)c

0.12

Hospital outcomes

 

 

 

 

Ward length of stay (days)

9.6

11.1

0.26 (-2.32, 2.84)b

0.842

In-hospital mortality

9

4

0.14 (0.03, 0.64)c

0.011

Transfer to ICU

7

2

0.13 (0.02, 0.85)c

0.034

 

aAdjusted for age, diabetes type, main hospital diagnosis (LRTI or acute cardiac condition), and chronic therapy at admission (metformin, insulin)b Adjusted regression coefficientc Adjusted regression coefficient