Table 2: Factors associated with co-morbid depression in the study patients.

 

Variable

Co-morbid Depression

No co-morbid depression

OR (95% CI)

P value

Age group (years)

35-44

45-54

55-64

 ≥ 65

 

3 (15.8%)

21 (30.9%)

22 (28.2%)

25 (45.5%)

 

16 (84.2)

47 (69.1)

56 (71.8)

30 (54.5)

 

1.0

2.4 (0.6-9.0)

2.0 (0.6-7.9)

4.4 (1.2-17.0)

 

 

0.203

0.210

0.029*

Gender

Male

Female

 

34 (38.2%)

37 (28.5%)

 

57 (61.8%)

94 (71.5%)

 

1.6 (0.9-2.8)

1.0

 

0.130

Employment

Employed

Not employed

 

35 (27.8%)

36 (38.3%)

 

 91 (72.2%)

 58 (61.7%)

 

1.0

0.6 (0.4-1.1)

 

 

0.110

Education

None

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

 

6 (30.0%)

29 (33.7%)

29 (34.5%)

7 (23.3%)

 

14 (70.0%)

57 (66.3%)

55 (65.5%)

23 (76.7%)

 

1.4 (0.4-5.0)

1.7 (0.6-4.4)

1.7 (0.7-4.5)

1.0

 

0.599

0.293

0.261

 

Marital status

Married

Single #

 

60 (31.9%)

11 (34.4%)

 

128 (68.1%)

21 (65.6%)

 

1.0

1.1 (0.5-2.5)

 

 

0.783

Diabetes treatment

OGLAs only

OGLAs + Insulin

Insulin only

 

31 (26.3%)

32 (37.9%)

8 (33.3%)

 

79 (73.7%)

48 (62.1%)

14 (66.7%)

 

0.6 (0.4-1.1)

1.5 (0.9-2.7)

1.1 (0.4-2.6)

 

0.135

0.147

0.906

Hypertension BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg

Yes

No

 

54 (34.4%)

17 (27.0%)

 

103 (65.6%)

46 (73.0%)

 

1.4 (0.7-2.7)

1.0

 

0.288

Duration of diabetes (years)

 <  5

 ≥ 5

 

25 (25.3%)

46 (38.0%)

 

74 (74.7%)

75 (62.0%)

 

1.0

1.8 (1.0-3.3)

 

 

0.044*

BMI (kg/m2 )

Underweight

Normal

Overweight/Obese

 

0 (0.0%)

19 (23.8%)

51 (37.8%)

 

4 (100.0%)

61 (76.3%)

84 (62.2%)

 

-

1.0

1.9 (1.0-3.6)

 

0.999

 

0.035*

Glycemic control

Good HbA1C ≤ 7%

Poor HbA1C ˃ 7%

 

11 (16.4%)

60 (39.2%)

 

56 (83.6%)

93 (60.8%)

 

1.0

3.3 (1.6-6.8)

 

 

0.001*

 

*Statistically significant, p < 0.05;

#Single (widowed, divorced, separated, unmarried).