Table 3a: Description of Wnt/β-catenin Genes Analyzed by Q-PCR.

Symbol	Gene Name	GenBank Accession No.	Function
CSNK1E	Casein kinase 1, epsilon	NM_001894 NM_152221	Serine/threonine protein kinase found in cytoplasm.
DKK3	Dickkopf 3 homolog	NM_013253 NM_015881 NM_001018057	Secreted protein involved in embryonic development via Wnt pathway.
SFRP1	Secreted frizzled-related protein 1	NM_003012	Soluble modulator of Wnt signaling. Maybe involved in polarity of photoreceptor cells.
KREMEN1	Kringle containing transmembrane protein 1	NM_032045 NM_153379 NM_001039570 NM_001039571	Involved in modulating Wnt signaling.
WNT9A	Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 9A	NM_003395	Member of WNT gene family that encodes secreted signaling proteins. Expressed in gastric cancer cell lines.
GSK3A	Glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	NM_019884	Multifunctional Ser/Thr protein kinase involved in WNT and PI3K signaling pathways.
RARA1	Retinoic acid receptor, alpha	NM_000964 NM_001033603 NM_001145301	Nuclear retinoic acid receptor. Regulates transcription. Involved with apoptosis, differentiation.
LRP1	Low density lipoprotein receptor -related protein 1	NM_002332	Endocytic receptor involved in intracellular signaling, lipid homeostasis and clearance of apoptotic cells.
MDM2	p53 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog	NM_002392 NM_006878 NM_006880 NM_006881 NM_006882 NM_001145337 NM_001145339	Nuclear phosphoprotein that inhibits transactivation by p53, has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and affects cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis.

Table 3b: Description of diabetes-related genes analyzed by Q-PCR.

Symbol	Gene Name	GenBank Accession No.	Function
RPS6KA4	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase,90kDa, polypeptide 4	NM_001006944 NM_003942	Member of ribosomal S6 kinase family of Ser/Thr kinases.
ADAMTS9	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 9	NM_182920 NM_182921	Member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Implicated in the cleavage of proteoglycans and the inhibition of angiogenesis.
VEGFA	Vascular endothelial growth factor A	NM_001025366 NM_001025367 NM_001025368 NM_001025369 NM_001025370 NM_001033756 NM_001171622 NM_001171623 NM_001171624 NM_001171625 NM_001171626 NM_001171627 NM_001171628 NM_001171629 NM_001171630 NM_001204384 NM_001204385 NM_003376	Member of PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. Acts on endothelial cells. Causes increased vascular permeability, angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, endothelial cell growth, cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with proliferative and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.