Characteristic

Model 1

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95%CI)

Model 2

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95%CI)

Model 3

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95%CI)

Akaike's information criterion

123

121

86

Age (each decade in years)

0.79 (0.47, 1.31)

0.79 (0.45, 1.41)

0.82 (0.45, 1.50)

Gender

Women, n (%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Men, n (%)

0.33 (0.05, 2.09)

0.29 (0.04, 1.91)

0.46 (0.06, 3.47)

Asset index

Low

0.64 (0.19, 2.14)

0.51 (0.14, 1.89)

0.43 (0.10, 1.74)

Fair

Ref

Ref

Ref

High

0.73 (0.21, 2.55)

0.57 (0.15, 2.15)

0.68 (0.16, 2.88)

Cigarette smoking (pack years)

1

Ref

Ref

Ref

2 to 3

4.93 (1.48, 16.42)

6.97 (1.87, 26.01)

7.75 (1.90, 31.50)

3 or more

5.42 (1.41, 20.89)

5.55 (1.30, 23.72)

5.82 (1.25, 27.11)

Alcohol use (number of drinks per day)

1 to 2 per day

Ref

Ref

Ref

3 to 4 per day

5.92 (2.02, 17.39)

6.55 (2.06, 20.85)

8.00 (2.31, 27.74)

5 or more per day

5.35 (1.03, 27.75)

6.55 (1.07, 39.93)

5.71 (0.89, 36.49)

Primary cooking fuel

Charcoal

Ref

Ref

Firewood

1.87 (0.03, 25.04)

0.63 (0.01, 20.99)

Cooking place

Outside in compound

Ref

Ref

Inhouse (separate room)

2.13 (0.13, 35.51)

0.33 (0.01, 11.37)

Inhouse (bedroom)

0.28 (0.01, 9.34)

2.78 (0.15, 49.09)

Meat consumption weekly

Lower

1.70 (0.43, 6.62)

Middle

Ref

Higher

1.36 (0.31, 5.96)

PhIP normalized (ng/g melanin)

< 8.65 (75% percentile)

Ref

≥ 8.65 (75% percentile)

4.27 (1.12, 16.24)