Supplement 1: Primers used for analyses of gene mutations.

Gene sequence

Codon

  Exon

Primer set*

Reaction sequence

K-ras

 

12/13

2

5’-AAGGCCTGCTGAAAATGACTG-3’

5’-GGTCCTGCACCAGTAATATGCA-3’

 

reverse

 

 

K-ras

 

61

3

5’-CAGACTGTGTTTCTCCCTTCTC-3’

5’-CCCTCCCCAGTCCTCATG-3’

 

forward

 

 

BRAF

 

600

15

5’-CATAATGCTTGCTCTGATAGGAAA-3’

5’-GATCCAGACAACTGTTCAAACTG-3’

 

forward

 

 

GNAS

 

201

8

5’-ACTGTTTCGGTTGGCTTTGGTGA-3’

5’-AGGGACTGGGGTGAATGTCAAGA-3’

 

reverse

 

 

PTEN

 

7

 

5’-TGACAGTTTGACAGTTAAAGG-3’

5’-GGATATTTCTCCCAATGAAAG -3’

 

forward

 

 

PTEN

 

 

 

8

 

5’-TTAAATATGTCATTTCATTTCTTTT-3’/

5’TTGCTTTGTCAAGATCATT-3’

 

 

 

reverse

 

 

 

 

5’-GTGCAGATAATGACAAGGAATA-3’/

5’-TCATGTTACTGCTACGTAAAC-3’

 

 

*Obtained from Sigma Life Science oligomer service (http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/custom-oligos/custom-dna.html)