Table 1: Anticancer peptides from legume sources and action mechanisms proposed.
Legume source | Peptide name or sequence | In vitro/in vivo models | Doses tested/IC50 | Anticancer action mechanism | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soybean (Glycine max) | IBB1 and IBB2 (Bowman-Birk isoinhibitors) | HT-29 | 39.9 μM and 48.3 μM | Inhibition of serine proteases and cells becoming blocked in the G0-G1 phase. | [41] |
Soybean | Lunasin | C3H10T1/2 | 2 μM | Inhibits chemical carcinogen-induced transformation and selectively induces apoptosis in transfected cells but not in non-transformed cells. | [32] |
Soybean | Lunasin | SENCAR | 250 μg/week | Reduces skin tumor incidence by 70%, decreases tumor yield/mouse, and delays the appearance of tumors by 2 weeks relative to the positive control. | [32] |
Soybean | ASKWQHQQDS CRKQLQGVNL TPCEKHIMEK IQGRGDDDDD 5 kDa Lunasin-like peptide |
Raw 264.7 | 10-50 μM | Inhibition of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, NF-kB, COX-2, iNOs, etc.) and aberrant inflammation is associated with the development of chronic diseases such as cancer. | [61] |
Soybean | X-Met-Leu-Pro-Ser-Tye-Ser-Pro-Tyr | P388D1 | 0.16 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml | Cytotoxicity and cell cycle arresting at G2/M phase. | [62] |
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Legumi Secchi cultivar | ANDISFNFVRFNETNLILGG | MCF-7 | 0.2 μM | Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, phosphatidylserine externalization and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. | [63] |
Common bean Azufrado Higuera and Bayo Madero cultivars | GLTSK, LSGNK, GEGSGA, MPACGSS, MTEEY | HCT-116 | 0.53 mg/ml and 0.51 mg/ml | Both cultivars increased significantly the expression of p53 in HCT116 by 76% and 68%. | [33] |
Common beans Extra long Autumn Purple Bean cultivar | ANEIYFSFQRFNETNLILQR | CNE-1, CNE-2 and HNE-2 MCF-7 HepG2 | 725 μM, 735 μM, 396 μM, 741 μM and 83 μM | Inhibit the proliferation of human tumor cells by inducing the production of apoptotic bodies and nitric oxide. | [64] |
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) | ARQSHFANAQP | MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 | 2.38 μM and 1.50 μM | The peptide effectively inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells increasing the level of p53 trough binding prediction with molecular docking. | [65] |
Pea (Pisum sativum) | TI1B (Bowman-Birk isoinhibitor) | HT-29 | 31 μM | Reduction in the viability assay on cancer cells. | [41] |
Fava Bean (Vicia faba) | VFTI-G1 (Bowman-Birk type trypsin inhibitor) | HepG2 | 30 μM | Induce nuclear morphological changes of cells and the reduction of viable cells and increased chromatin condensation and 60% of cells underwent apoptosis. | [43] |
Lentil (Lens culinaris) | (Bowman-Birk isoinhibitors) | HT-29 | 19 μM | Inhibit cell proliferation of colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner related to their intrinsic abilities to inhibit serine proteases. | [46] |