Table
1: General
characteristics of the patients. Comparison between survivors and deceased
within 30 days from emergency room admission. Qualitative variables.
|
All cases |
Survivors |
Deceased |
||||
|
Variables |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
P value |
RR |
C.I. 95% |
|
Personal characteristics |
||||||
|
Age > 75 a. |
118/191
(61.8) |
82/149 (55) |
36/42 (85.7) |
< 0.0001 |
3.712 |
1.645-8.373 |
|
Gender = female |
93/191
(48.7) |
72/149 (48.3) |
21/42 (50) |
ns |
1.054 |
0.618-1.798 |
|
BMI > 30 |
82/173
(47.4) |
68/139 (48.9) |
14/34 (41.2) |
ns |
0.777 |
0.420-1.436 |
|
Smoking |
97/187
(50.8) |
81/146 (55.5) |
16/41 (39) |
ns |
0.594 |
0.340-1.038 |
|
Personal history |
||||||
|
HBP |
166/191
(86.9) |
127/149 (85.2) |
39/42 (92.9) |
ns |
1.958 |
0.654-5.861 |
|
DM |
93/191
(48.7) |
77/149 (51.7) |
16/42 (38.1) |
ns |
0.648 |
0.373-1.129 |
|
COPD |
76/191
(39.8) |
60/149 (40.3) |
16/42 (38.1) |
ns |
0.931 |
0.537-1.616 |
|
FEV1 <
50% |
45/79 (23.6) |
37/65 (56.9) |
8/14 (57.1) |
ns |
1.007 |
0.386-2.632 |
|
Hypov. Syndr. |
41/190
(21.5) |
33/148 (22.3) |
8/42 (19) |
ns |
0.855 |
0.430-1.702 |
|
Heart diseases |
125/190
(65.4) |
98/149 (65.8) |
27/41 (65.9) |
ns |
1.003 |
0.566-1.776 |
|
Arrhythmias |
88/190
(46.1) |
65/148 (43.9) |
23/42 (54.8) |
ns |
1.403 |
0.820-2.399 |
|
LTOT |
64/191
(33.5) |
47/149 (31.5) |
17/42 (40.5) |
ns |
1.349 |
0.788-2.311 |
|
Domiciliary NIV |
47/191
(24.6) |
41/149 (27.5) |
6/42 (14.3) |
ns |
0.511 |
0.230-1.135 |
|
Laboratory variables |
||||||
|
Hb < 12 |
78/191
(40.8) |
62/149 (41.6) |
16/42 (38.1) |
ns |
0.82 |
0.513-1.548 |
|
Creat > 1.5 |
81/191
(42.4) |
62/149 (41.6) |
19/42 (45.2) |
ns |
1.122 |
0.657-1.917 |
|
Bicarb < 22 |
56/191
(29.3) |
40/149 (26.8) |
16/42 (38.1) |
ns |
1.484 |
0.865-2.544 |
|
Lact > 2 |
76/182
(39.8) |
54/143 (37.8) |
22/39 (56.4) |
0.036 |
1.805 |
1.031-3.160 |
|
ER discharge diagnoses |
||||||
|
CHF |
88/191
(46.1) |
70/149 (47) |
18/42 (42.9) |
ns |
0.878 |
0.511-1.508 |
|
RF |
82/191
(42.9) |
67/149 (45) |
15/42 (35.7) |
ns |
0.738 |
0.421-1.296 |
|
Sepsis |
6/191 (3.1) |
1/149 (0.7) |
5/42 (11.9) |
< 0.001 |
4.167 |
2.632-6.597 |
|
Pneumonia |
7/191 (3.7) |
6/149 (4) |
1/42 (2.4) |
ns |
0.641 |
0.807-1.507 |
|
Others |
8/191 (4.2) |
5/149 (3.4) |
3/42 (7.1) |
ns |
1.17 |
0.689-4.491 |
|
ER discharge destination |
||||||
|
Hospitaliz |
159/191
(83.2) |
131/149 (87.9) |
28/42 (66.7) |
0.001 |
0.403 |
0.240-0.675 |
|
ICU |
17/191 (8.9) |
12/149 (8.1) |
5/42 (11.9) |
ns |
1.383 |
0.628-3.048 |
|
Deceased |
7/191 (3.7) |
0/149 (0) |
7/42 (16.7) |
< 0.001 |
5.257 |
3.902-7.083 |
|
Home |
6/191 (3.1) |
5/149 (3.4) |
1/42 (2.4) |
ns |
0.752 |
0.123-4.593 |
Abbreviations: RR: relative risk; C.I.: confidence
interval; BMI: body-mass index; HBP: high blood pressure; DM: diabetes
mellitus; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1: forced expiratory
volume in one second; Hypov. syndr.: hypoventilation syndromes; LTOT: long-term oxygen
therapy; Smoking: personal history of smoking; Hb:
hemoglobin (gr/L); Creat: creatinine (mg/dL); Bicarb: bicarbonate (mmol/L);
Lact: lactic acid (mmol/L);
ER: emergency room; CHF: congestive heart failure; RF: respiratory failure due
to pulmonary origin; Hospitaliz.: hospitalization
ground; ICU: intensive care unit; ns: not significant.