Table 1: Distribution of baseline clinical characteristics, procedural characteristics of index procedure and paclitaxel-eluting balloon (PEB) angioplasty, and clinical outcomes according to the presence or absence of events after PEB angioplasty (n = 58).

Variables Non-PEB failure (n = 50) PEB failure (n = 8) P-value
mean ± SD or n (%)
Sex, male 40 (80) 6 (75) 0.62
Age, years 64.7 ± 12.1 63.5 ± 7.2 0.10
Cardiovascular risk factors
Diabetes mellitus 18 (36) 4 (50) 0.74
Hypertension 30 (60) 8 (100) 0.16
Dyslipidemia 42 (84) 8 (100) 0.48
Prior stroke 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) -
Chronic kidney disease 2 (4.0) 0 (0.0) 0.86
Current smoker 4 (8.0) 0 (0.0) 0.24
Index procedural variables
Clinical presentation 0.24
Stable angina 28 (56) 2 (25)
Unstable angina 14 (28) 6 (75)
NSTEMI 8 (16) 0 (0.0)
STEMI 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Stent type 0.68
Bare metal stent 8 (16) 0 (0.0)
1st generation DES 20 (40) 4 (50)
2nd generation DES 22 (44) 4 (50)
Stent diameter, mm 3.1 ± 0.3 3.3 ± 0.3 0.87
Stent length, mm 24.5 ± 5.5 20.0 ± 3.5 0.38
Procedural variables of PEB angioplasty
Diameter, mm 3.0 ± 0.4 3.1 ± 0.3 0.53
Length, mm 22.0 ± 5.0 21.5 ± 3.0 0.43
Time to TLR/TVR, years 0.74 1 0.06
Clinical outcomes < 0.001
All-cause mortality 0 (0.0) 1 (12.5)
Myocardial infarction 0 (0.0) 1 (12.5)
TVR 0 (0.0) 6 (75.0)

*χ2-test and student t test for no event group vs. event group; p-value was calculated by χ2 - test for continuous variables and student t test for categorical variables (p-value < 0.05). DES: Drug-eluting stents, ISR: In-stent restenosis, MI: Myocardial infarction, NSTEMI: Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention, PEB: Paclitaxel-eluted balloon, STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction. TLR: Target lesion revascularization, TVR: Target vessel revascularization.