Summary of agents causing PITS.

Table 1: Summary of agents causing PITS.

# Of PITS patients (N, %)

101, 100%

References

Direct Adrenergic Agonist

EPI

DOB

EPI +other catecholamine

Any other catecholamine

58, 57%

32, 32%

17, 17%

6, 5%

3, 3%

[8,14,15,17-34]

[8,42-54]

[35-40]

[41,55,56]

Indirect Adrenergic Agonist

AMP, DEX

EPH, Pseudo-EPH

SNRI (DUL, VEN, DES, MIL)

TCA (NOR)

18, 18%

2, 2%

3, 3%

12, 12%

1, 1%

[57,58]

[59-61]

[62-68]

[69]

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Anagrelide

Dipyridamole

3, 3%

2, 2%

1, 1%

[70,71]

[72]

Up-regulation of beta receptors

Thyroid hormone

Abrupt metoprolol withdrawal

3, 3%

2, 2%

1, 1%

[73,74]

[75]

Vasoconstrictors

Phenylephedrine

Ergot alkaloids

Oxymetazoline

Zolmitriptan

7, 7%

2, 2%

3, 3%

1, 1%

[76,77]

[78-80]

[81]

[82]

Unknown Mechanism

5-FU

Sodium tetradecyl sulfate

Sunitinub

Combretastatin

Pazopanib

Lumuracofxib

12, 12%

6, 5%

1, 1%

2, 2%

1, 1%

[83-87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

5-FU: 5-5fluorouracil; AMP: Amphetamine; DES: Desvenlafaxine; DEX: Dexamphetamine; DOB: Dobutamine; DUL: Duloxetine; EPH: Ephedrine; Epi: Epinephrine; MIL: Milnacipran; NOR: Nortriptyline; SNRI: Serotonin Nor-epinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors; TCA: Tricyclic Antidepressant; VEN: Venlafaxine