Table 1: Characteristics of elderly (≥75 years) heart failure patients
in the RICA registry with atrial fibrillation vs. non-atrial fibrillation
|
Variable |
n |
AF (851) |
non-AF (622) |
p |
|
Age [mean (SD)] |
851/622 |
82.47 (4.5) |
82.16 (4.8) |
0.1 |
|
Sex (male %) |
851/622 |
40.5 |
44.4 |
0.1 |
|
Charlson index [mean (SD)] |
851/622 |
3.76 (2.56) |
3.46 (2.56) |
0.03 |
|
Barthel index [mean (SD)] |
827/604 |
80.15 (21.6) |
82.8 (21.44) |
0.02 |
|
Body mass index[mean (SD)] |
851/622 |
27.9 (5.0) |
28.5
(5.3) |
0.06 |
|
Heart rate [mean (SD)] |
851/622 |
88.6 (24.3) |
87.4
(22.5) |
0.3 |
|
Systolic blood pressure,
mmHg [mean (SD)] |
851/622 |
138.31(27.3) |
143.5(29.6) |
0.001 |
|
Diastolic blood pressure,
mmHg [mean (SD)] |
851/622 |
75.6(16.7) |
76.7(16.7) |
0.21 |
|
History |
|
|
|
|
|
Arterial hypertension (%) |
851/622 |
86.8 |
87.0 |
0.9 |
|
Diabetes mellitus (%) |
851/622 |
40.8 |
42.4 |
0.5 |
|
Smoking (%) |
851/622 |
4.2 |
6.4 |
0.07 |
|
Prior myocardial
infarction |
851/622 |
20.0 |
25.9 |
0.008 |
|
Hyperlipidaemia (%) |
851/622 |
42.7 |
46.9 |
0.11 |
|
COPD (%) |
851/622 |
26.8 |
25.4 |
0.5 |
|
Chronic renal failure (%) |
851/622 |
33.3 |
32.5 |
0.7 |
|
NYHA (%) |
848/621 |
|
|
|
|
I |
34/66 |
4.0 |
10.6 |
<0.001 |
|
II |
417/338 |
49.2 |
54.4 |
|
|
III |
353/202 |
41.6 |
32.5 |
|
|
IV |
44/15 |
5.2 |
2.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I-II |
451/404 |
53.2 |
65.1 |
<0.001 |
|
III-IV |
397/217 |
46.8 |
34.9 |
|
|
Laboratory parameters mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
Haemoglobin (mg/dl) [mean
(SD)] |
851/622 |
12.10 (1.96) |
12.03 (1.93) |
0.7 |
|
Creatinine (mg/dl) |
851/622 |
1.41 (3.02) |
1.38 (0.73) |
0.8 |
|
MDRD
(ml/min/1.73m2) |
851/622 |
55.74 (23.66) |
55.43 (23.27) |
0.2 |
|
C-reactive protein (mg/dl) |
449/301 |
21.87 (40.50) |
22.05 (46.1) |
0.9 |
|
BNP (pg/ml) |
140/95 |
951.5 (1064.9) |
1775.7 (3667.7) |
0.01 |
|
Pro-BNP (pg/ml) |
358/241 |
6693.2 (12341.9) |
6509.9 (7272.8) |
0.8 |
|
Sodium (mEq/l) |
851/622 |
139.0 (4.72) |
139.1. (4.52) |
0.9 |
|
Potassium (mEq/l) |
816/602 |
4.29 (0.6) |
4.31 (0.6) |
0.6 |
|
Uric acid (mg/dl) |
516/390 |
7.8 (2.49) |
7.9 (2.69) |
0.6 |
|
Electrocardiographic abnormalities (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
Left ventricular
hypertrophy |
851/622 |
27.7 |
28.8 |
0.7 |
|
Left bundle branch block |
851/622 |
18.9 |
21.2 |
0.3 |
|
Right bundle branch block |
851/622 |
13.2 |
14.0 |
0.6 |
|
Echocardiographic characteristics, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
Ejection fraction (%) |
851/622 |
53.73 (14.43) |
50.45 (15.36) |
< 0.001 |
|
Preserved ejection
fraction % |
851/622 |
74.6 |
66.4 |
0.001 |
|
Left atrial dimension, mm |
580/385 |
49.12 (8.9) |
43.81 (7.9) |
< 0.001 |
|
LVESV (mm) |
405/276 |
38.00 (25.6) |
39.20 (14.4) |
0.5 |
|
LVEDV (mm) |
223/159 |
49.03 (12.6) |
52.89 (19.6) |
0.02 |
|
Posterior wall thickness
(mm) |
195/141 |
12.57 (7.9) |
12.22 (8.7) |
0.7 |
|
Mitral regurgitation
(moderate-severe) (%) |
851/622 |
24.4 |
19.8 |
0.04 |
|
PAP (mmHg) |
495/298 |
47.64 (15.84) |
43.98 (15.38) |
0.001 |
|
Treatment |
|
|
|
|
|
Betablockers |
851/622 |
59.2 |
63.2 |
0.1 |
|
Diuretics |
851/622 |
90.6 |
89.9 |
0.7 |
|
ACEI- RAA |
851/622 |
75.0 |
80.5 |
0.01 |
|
Spironolactone |
851/622 |
34.3 |
28.8 |
0.03 |
|
Digoxin |
851/622 |
39.0 |
10.5 |
<0.001 |
|
Calcium channel blocker |
851/622 |
21.5 |
22.3 |
0.7 |
|
Statin |
851/622 |
37.7 |
47.1 |
< 0.001 |
|
Antiplatelets |
851/622 |
24.6 |
56.4 |
< 0.001 |
|
Vitamin K antagonists |
851/622 |
72.7 |
25.2 |
< 0.001 |
|
Mortality |
851/622 |
22.8 |
19.1 |
0.094 |
COPD:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, LVEDV: Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume,
LVESV: Left Ventricular End-Systolic Volume, PAP: Pulmonary Arterial Pressure:
ACEI-RAA: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Renin-Angiotensin
Antagonist, MDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease