| Physical Finding | Associated cardiac condition(s) |
| JVP >8 centimeters (or >3 centimeters above sternal angle) with patient’s head tilted 45% | Right heart failure, pericardial effusion/ constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, fluid overload, superior vena cava obstruction, hyperdynamic circulation |
| Jugular veins fill during inspiration (Kussmaul's sign) | Constrictive pericarditis, corpulmonale, pulmonary embolism, right ventricular infarction, right heart failure, tricuspid stenosis, cardiac tamponade, acute pulmonary hypertension, severe asthma, tension pneumothorax, & exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Dominant a wave | Tricuspid stenosis or atresia, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, right atrial myxoma |
| Absent a wave | Atrial fibrillation |
| Cannon a wave | Complete heart block, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, junctional rhythm |
| Rapid x descent | Cardiac tamponade |
| Dominant v wave | Tricuspid regurgitation (as in primary pulmonary hypertension), atrial septal defect (also prominent y descent) |
| Rapid y descent | Constrictive pericarditis, severe right heart failure, severe tricuspid regurgitation |
| Slow y descent | Tricuspid stenosis, right atrial myxoma |
| Blunted y descent (or x descent more prominent than y descent) | Cardiac tamponade |