Table 1: Risk of bias

Study ref. Sequence generation Allocation Concealment Blinding Incomplete Outcome data Selective outcome reporting Other sources Comment
3 2 2 2 1 1 2 Inadequate method
12 1 1 1 1 1 2 Small sample and VAS score.
13 1 1 1 1 1 1
14 1 1 1 1 1 1
15 1 1 3 1 1 1
16 1 1 1 1 1 1
17 2 1 3 1 1 1
18 1 1 1 1 1 1
19 2 2 2 1 1 2 Inadequate method
20 1 3 2 2 2 2 Inadequate method
22 2 2 3 1 1 2 Inadequate method
23 1 3 3 1 1 2
24 2 2 3 1 1 2 Inadequate method
25 1 3 3 1 1 1
26 1 3 1 1 1 1
27 1 3 3 1 1 1
29 1 2 2 1 1 1
30 3 3 3 1 1 1
31 1 2 3 1 1 1
34 2 2 3 1 1 1
35 1 2 1 1 1 1


1=low, 2=unclear, 3=high