Table 2: Multivariable models of factors associated with OUD-related Pediatric Hospitalizations.

 

OUD subtype 1:

Opium dependency or abuse

OUD subtype 2:

Opium poisoning

OUD subtype 3:

Opium-related external injury*

 

Children

Adolescents

Children

Adolescents

Children

Adolescents

Variables

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Age

1.22 (1.19-1.24)

1.46 (1.45-1.47)

1.14 (1.11-1.16)

1.08 (1.06-1.10)

1.28 (1.26-1.30)

0.96 (0.94-0.97)

Female vs. male

0.95 (0.80-1.13)

0.43 (0.41-0.45)

1.03 (0.84-1.25)

0.61 (0.55-0.68)

1.00 (0.87-1.15)

0.79 (0.72-0.88)

Black vs. white

0.57 (0.44-0.75)

0.21 (0.19-0.22)

0.64 (0.49-0.85)

0.44 (0.37-0.52)

0.91 (0.75-1.11)

1.49 (1.33-1.67)

Hispanic vs. white

1.10 (0.88-1.37)

0.25 (0.23-0.27)

0.30 (0.22-0.42)

0.48 (0.40-0.57)

0.69 (0.56-0.85)

0.64 (0.55-0.74)

Public insurance vs. private insurance

 

1.22 (1.00-1.49)

0.94 (0.91-0.98)

2.75 (2.13-3.54)

0.73 (0.65-0.82)

1.01 (0.86-1.18)

0.71 (0.64-0.78)

Uninsured vs. private insurance

 

1.34 (0.81-2.22)

1.83 (1.72-1.94)

3.56 (2.27-5.57)

1.91 (1.62-2.24)

0.80 (0.48-1.33)

0.76 (0.61-0.97)

Income quartile 0-25th percentile vs. 76th above

 

1.04 (0.79-1.35)

0.56 (0.53-0.60)

1.27 (0.90-1.78)

0.82 (0.70-0.97)

0.90 (0.72-1.13)

0.75 (0.65-0.87)

Midwest vs. Northeast

 

0.87 (0.61-1.23)

0.54 (0.52-0.57)

0.80 (0.56-1.12)

1.41 (1.20-1.65)

1.65 (1.28-2.14)

1.10 (0.95-1.29)

South vs. Northeast

 

2.28 (1.73-3.01)

0.52 (0.50-0.55)

0.91 (0.68-1.23)

1.22 (1.04-1.42)

1.60 (1.26-2.04)

1.09 (0.95-1.26)

West vs. Northeast

 

1.15 (0.84-1.58)

0.64 (0.61-0.68)

1.35 (0.98-1.85)

1.23 (1.04-1.45)

2.34 (1.83-2.99)

1.70 (1.47-1.97)

Large hospital vs. small

 

0.59 (0.47-0.74)

0.84 (0.79-0.88)

1.52 (1.09-2.11)

0.87 (0.75-1.00)

0.73 (0.60-0.89)

0.92 (0.81-1.06)

Teaching hospital vs. non-teaching

 

1.44 (1.13-1.83)

0.80 (0.77-0.83)

4.00 (2.99-5.37)

0.84 (0.75-0.94)

3.86 (2.96-5.05)

1.83 (1.62-2.05)

Discharge routine vs. non-routine

 

0.46 (0.37-0.57)

0.41 (0.39-0.43)

0.99 (0.60-1.62)

0.15 (0.13-0.17)

0.68 (0.55-0.84)

0.77 (0.66-0.89)

APRDRG_Severity minor or no comorbidity vs. moderate

 

0.23 (0.32-0.42)

0.59 (0.57-0.62)

0.93 (0.71-1.21)

0.62 (0.54-0.70)

0.40 (0.33-0.49)

0.75 (0.67-0.83)

APRDRG_Severity major/extreme vs. moderate

 

3.54 (2.88-4.34)

0.73 (0.69-0.78)

2.07 (1.45-2.95)

2.38 (2.07-2.74)

2.45 (2.07-2.91)

1.67 (1.49-1.88)

Hospital LOS

1.013 (1.012-1.014)

1.01 (1.01-1.01)

0.78 (0.60-1.02)

0.89 (0.85-0.93)

1.013 (1.011-1.014)

1.01 (1.01-1.01)

Hospitalizations not involving an OUD diagnosis were specified as the baseline category.
†: Hospitalizations involving an OUD subtype 1 relative to those not involving an OUD diagnosis; ‡: Hospitalizations involving an OUD subtype 2 relative to those not involving an OUD diagnosis; *: Hospitalizations involving an OUD subtype 3 relative to those not involving an OUD diagnosis.