Table 2: Psychometric characteristics and factor structure (principal axis factoring with oblimin rotation) of the beck hopelessness scale among the student nurses (n = 438).

Item

Mean (SD)

Item-total correlations

Factor 1

Factor 2

17. It is very unlikely that I will get any real satisfaction in the future.

0.15 (0.36)

0.560

0.745

-

11. All I can see ahead of me is unpleasantness rather than pleasantness

0.13 (0.34)

0.572

0.679

-

12. I don’t expect to get what I really want.

0.18 (0.39)

0.533

0.651

-

9. I just can’t get the breaks, and there is no reason I will in the future.

0.28 (0.45)

0.430

0.603

-

13. When I look ahead to the future, I expect that I will be happier than now.

0.06 (0.25)

0.717

0.587

-

14. Things don’t just work out the way I want them to.

0.41 (0.49)

0.465

0.552

-

20. There is no use in really trying to get anything I want because I probably won’t get it.

0.14 (0.35)

0.536

0.541

-

16. I never get what I want, so it is foolish to want anything.

0.15 (0.35)

0.537

0.533

-

2. I might as well give up because there is nothing I can do about making things better for myself.

0.13 (0.33)

0.460

0.492

-

7. My future seems dark to me.

0.26 (0.44)

0.467

0.483

-

8. I happen to be particularly lucky, and I expect to get more of the good things in life than the average person.

0.07 (0.25)

0.681

-

0.711

6. In the future, I expect to succeed in what concerns me the most.

0.04 (0.19)

0.398

-

0.678

1. I look forward to the future with hope and enthusiasm.

0.35 (0.19)

0.424

-

0.666

3. When things are going badly, I am helped by knowing they cannot stay that way forever.

0.06 (0.23)

0.366

-

0.605

5. I have enough time to accomplish the things I want to do

0.08 (0.27)

0.448

-

0.600

15. I have great faith in the future

0.11 (0.32)

0.607

-

0.569

10. My past experiences have prepared me well for the future.

0.65 (0.25)

0.467

-

0.447

19. I can look forward to more good times than bad times.

0.09 (0.29)

0.505

-

0.428

Eigen value

 

 

6.23

1.50

% of total variance explained

 

 

34.6%

 8.1%

Cronbach’s alpha

 

 

0.82

0.80

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkins measure of sampling adequacy

 

0.89

 

 

Overall Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89