Table 3: Frequency of DKA episode, severity, precipitating factors, clinical presentation and Laboratory results among T1DM children admitted with DKA, Bahir Dar, 2021(n = 162).
|
Variable |
Category |
Frequency (%) |
|
Frequency of DKA episodes in the study period |
Once |
116(71.6) |
|
|
Two times |
31(19.1) |
|
|
Three times |
12(7.4) |
|
|
Four times |
3(1.9) |
|
Severity of DKA |
Mild |
72(44.4) |
|
|
Moderate |
61(37.7) |
|
|
Severe |
29(17.9) |
|
Precipitating factors |
Infection |
91(56.2) |
|
|
Insulin skipping/omission |
13(8.1) |
|
|
Insulin defaulter |
23(14.2) |
|
|
Inappropriate insulin storage |
15(9.3) |
|
|
Unspecified/not documented |
38(23.5) |
|
Location of admission |
Emergency only |
24(14.8) |
|
|
Intensive care unit(ICU) |
11(6.8) |
|
|
Pediatrics ward |
127(78.4) |
|
Polyuria |
Yes |
144(88.9) |
|
Polydipsia |
Yes |
137(84.6) |
|
Polyphagia |
Yes |
61(37.6) |
|
Abdominal pain |
Yes |
51(31.5) |
|
Nausea/vomiting |
Yes |
63(38.9) |
|
Fatigue |
Yes |
63(38.9) |
|
Cough |
Yes |
23(14.2) |
|
Weight loss |
Yes |
47(29) |
|
Respiratory distress |
Yes |
37(22.8) |
|
Confusion |
Yes |
25(15.4) |
|
Blurred vision |
Yes |
6(3.7) |
|
Fever |
Yes |
8(4.9) |
|
Others |
Yes |
6(3.7) |
|
PR (beats/min) |
|
115 ± 22.1 |
|
RR (breath/min) |
|
31.1 ± 10.3 |
|
Temperature (°C) |
|
36.6 ± 0.9 |
|
Duration of chief complaint in day |
|
14.1 ± 16.1 |
|
Glycaemia at admission (mg/dl) |
|
508.7 ± 101.8 |
|
Ketone level (mmol/l) |
|
2.7 ± 0.9 |
|
Urine glucose level (mmol/l) |
|
2.4 ± 0.8 |
PR: Pulse Rate; RR: Respiration Rate; Others include diarrhea; headache; and dizziness
NB: The most common infection that precipitates DKA includes UTI, URTI, acute gastroenteritis, pneumonia…. See above in Table 2.