Table 1: Etiology of neonatal polycythemia [22].
Erythrocyte transfusion (Passive) |
Delayed clamping of umbilical cord |
Uncontrolled or precipitous delivery |
Intrapartum hypoxia |
Twin-to-twin transfusion (In 10-15% of monochorionic twins) |
Materno-fetal transfusion |
Increased intrauterine erythropoesis (Active) |
Plasental insufficiency Preeclampsia Other hypertensive disorders Other vascular problems |
Maternal hypoxemia due to cardiac or pulmonary diseases Cardiac and pulmonary disorder Drugs (i.e. propranolol) Smoking High altitude Postmaturity |
Diseases associated with fetus Large-for-gestational age newborns Maternal diabetes mellitus Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Endocrine disorders (Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism) Chromosomal disorders (Trisomi 21, 18, and 13) |