Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist Exenatide is an incretin mimetic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2005 as an adjunct to diet and exercise for glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and weight in type 2 diabetes patients using Exenatide are well described in adults; however, reports in adolescents are limited to non-diabetic youth with obesity....

Bariatric surgery is the only effective long term treatment of morbid obesity. With the establishment of an accreditation process for bariatric centers and the development of laparoscopic approaches to bariatric surgery, in addition to fellowship training, bariatric surgery became a role model for other surgical specialities in terms of efficacy and safety. Bariatric surgery has now a long track record of safety and a very low morbidity and mortality rates. In addition, the number of bariatric p...

In general, obesity is a complex disease that results from the interplay between several determinants. From time to time, a role for host genetics, environment, biological factors, pregnancy and lactation history in mothers, social and cultural influence, and imbalance between energy intake and expenditure has been advocated. Dietary factors modulate the composition of the gut microbiota....

Worldwide obesity prevalence has nearly doubled since 1980. Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide and it is correlated with various comorbidities, among which the most relevant are diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity management is a modern challenge because of the rapid evolution of unfavorable lifestyles. Due to numerous co-morbidities, obesity represents a serious health and socioeconomic problem worldwide....