Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most significant hepatocarcinogens. Increased risk for the development of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was observed in patients with dual infection compared to those with either HBV or HCV infection alone....

Investigation of gastric and colon microbiota in Helicobater pylori-infectes patients shown that: 1. Gastric microbiota in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients was different and the samples from H. pylori-positive patients were characterized by the higher growth of opportunistic bacteria; 2. The link between H. pylori in stomach and colon microbiota is possible; 3. After eradication without probiotics we saw decreasing level of Bifidobacteria spp., Lactobacillus spp. and increasing...

Leukocyte apheresis is a therapeutic option for moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis in Japan. It causes fewer complications, however, leukocyte apheresis requires the use of a relatively large caliber of peripheral venous line for hemodialysis. We reluctantly used a large caliber catheter with a double-lumen into the central vein. Catheter-related thrombosis and infection cases were occasionally observed during leukocyte apheresis. ...